Structural metals remain constrained by the strength-ductility (and toughness) trade-off,motivating materials concepts that can extend the occupied regions of the material-property space. This lecture introduces heterostructured and hetero-architectured metallic materials as a design paradigm guided by the principle of"Right Material, Right Place",where intentional spatial heterogeneity enables synergistic mechanical performance through hetero-zone interactions and strain partitioning. Emphasis is placed on process integration routes combining severe plastic deformation(SPD),metal additive manufacturing(AM),hot isostatic pressing(HIP),and ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) to create gradient and multi-level heterostructures. Representative AM-enabled approaches-including compositional heterostructuring and defect mitigation via local composition detouring-are discussed together with surface heterostructuring strategies in which hardening/softening effec are treated as controllable design variables rather than processing artifacts. Finally, AM-specific heterogeneous microstructures(melt-pool features,texture,cellular nano- heterostructures,and deformation-induced phase transformation -related metastability) are connected to macroscopic behavior through constitutive descriptions and continuum-based FEM frameworks,outlining directions toward multi-scale, multi- physics predictive design for high-performance structural components.